The materials that make up the internal structure of the air conditioner are the compressor, valves, indoor unit evaporator, fans, outdoor unit condenser and drainer.

Compressor

The refrigerant is circulated within the fluid system with the help of a compressor, ensuring heat transfer from the cold source to the hot source. Compressors are machines that suck the gaseous refrigerant at low pressure in the cooling circuits and send it to the condenser at higher pressure. It comes with an electric motor. Compressors work like suction pumps.

Air Conditioning Compressor

Compressors act as the heart of the cooling system by creating refrigerant flow around the system. During this process, it takes the refrigerant vapor at low temperature and pressure and increases the temperature and pressure of the vapor.

valves

These are solenoid valves that open and close the cooling line with electric current in cooling systems. The general function of these valves is to allow or block the flow of refrigerant. Solenoid valves are made in different shapes depending on the pressure and temperature levels of the place where they will be used and the type of refrigerant they will open and close. The solenoid valve consists of two main parts. These are the valve body and solenoid coil.

The solenoid coil consists of a simple winding. It works like a magnet thanks to the magnetic field created when electric current is applied. The valve is opened or closed by moving the steel core shaft with the force obtained by magnetization.

Air Conditioning Valve

Two Way Valves

It is the most commonly used type. It is used to turn on and off the flow in a pipeline. When the coil of two-way valves is energized, the core shaft in the middle of the coil is attracted by the magnetic field. The valve mounted on the end of the core shaft moves and opens the gas path. When the coil's energy is cut off, the valve closes, blocking the gas path, thanks to the spring inside.

Three Way Valves

It is generally used in commercial type cooling applications. The purpose here is to start the compressor without load.

Four Way Valves

They are also described as reversing valves. It is used to change the flow direction of the refrigerant. Heating or cooling is provided by changing the flow direction of the refrigerant.

Air Conditioning Indoor Unit Equipment
The indoor unit is the part inside the environment to be heated or cooled. This part consists of evaporator, evaporator fan, thermostat and expansion valve.

evaporator
The main part of the indoor unit is the “evaporator”. The evaporator is made to ensure that the liquid refrigerant evaporates well and quickly. Liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator as a liquid vapor mixture directly from the condenser or after expanding in the pressure reducing elements. In the evaporator, the liquid refrigerant evaporates and takes the heat from the environment. The received heat is given to the environment by a fan placed behind the evaporator.

Air Conditioner Evaporator

Thermostat
Thermostat is a command and control device that ensures that the evaporator temperature remains between certain values. The thermostat consists of a sensitive tip (called the Tail) and a capillary tube. There is R12 gas in the capillary tube. The sensitive end (tail) of the thermostat is connected to the place where the cooling circuit temperature will be controlled. It controls the system by opening and closing the electrical circuit according to the set temperature.

Air Conditioner Thermostat

expansion valve
It is the part that lowers the pressurized refrigerant. The expansion valve also measures the flow of refrigerant in the evaporator.

Air Conditioner Expansion Valve

Controlled expansion valves are called thermostatic expansion valves. Thermostatic expansion valves regulate the entry of liquid refrigerant into the evaporator. The spraying process is controlled by the superheat of the refrigerant. The expansion valve tail is placed on the pipe coming out of the evaporator to ensure that it is at the same temperature as the evaporator. By adjusting the amount of gas leaving the evaporator, the maximum possible cooling amount is provided. Thermostatic expansion valves regulate the entry of liquid refrigerant into the evaporator. The spraying process is controlled by the superheat of the coolant. For this reason, valves are more suitable for spraying liquid especially into dry type evaporators. In this type of evaporators, the superheat at the outlet is proportional to the evaporator load.

Evaporator Fan
The refrigerant, which evaporates and takes the heat from the environment, cools the evaporator pipes and honeycombs through which it passes. This is the part used to ensure that the cooled air spreads more quickly and easily into the environment. The evaporator fan also sucks in ambient air. In this way, the stagnant air is mobilized and cleaned. Dirty air is thrown out and fresh air is taken in from outside.

Air Conditioner Fan

fan motors
The pictures above show the fan motors used in air conditioners. When these engines are operated under the standards given by the manufacturer companies, their lifespan is quite long, but if the operating conditions are non-standard.