The materials that make up the internal structures of the air conditioner are compressor, valves, indoor unit evaporator, fans, outdoor unit condenser and drier.

Compressor

The refrigerant is circulated in the fluid system with the help of the compressor, so that heat is transferred from the cold source to the hot source. Compressors are a machine that absorbs the gaseous refrigerant at low pressure in the cooler in the cooling circuits and sends it to the condenser at higher pressure. It is available with an electric motor. Compressors work like a suction pump.

Air Conditioner Compressor

Compressors act as the heart of the cooling cooling system, creating coolant flow around the system. During this process, it takes the refrigerant vapor at low temperature and pressure and raises the temperature of the steam and its pressure.

valves

They are solenoid valves that open and close the cooling line with electric current in cooling systems. The general task of these valves is to allow or close the flow of refrigerant. Solenoid valves are made in different ways depending on the pressure and temperature levels of the place where they will be used, and the type of refrigerant to be opened and closed. The solenoid valve consists of two main parts. These are the valve body and the solenoid coil.

The solenoid coil consists of a simple winding. It works like a magnet thanks to the magnetic field created when electric current is applied. With the force obtained by magnetization, the steel core shaft is moved to open or close the valve.

Air Conditioning Valve

Two Way Valves

It is the most commonly used type. It is used to turn the flow on and off in a pipeline. When the coil of two-way valves is energized, the core shaft in the middle of the coil is attracted by the magnetic field that occurs. The valve, which is mounted on the core shaft end, moves and opens the gas path. When the energy of the coil is cut off, thanks to the spring inside, the flap closes and closes the gas path.

Three Way Valves

It is generally used in commercial type refrigeration applications. The purpose here is to give no-load start to the compressor.

Four Way Valves

Also known as reversing valves. It is used to change the flow direction of the refrigerant. By turning the flow direction of the refrigerant, heating or cooling is provided.

Air Conditioner Indoor Unit Equipment
The indoor unit is the part inside the environment to be heated or cooled. This part consists of evaporator, evaporator fan, thermostat and expansion valve.

evaporator
The main part of the indoor unit is the “evaporator”. The evaporator is constructed in such a way as to allow the liquid refrigerant to evaporate well and quickly. The liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator as a liquid vapor mixture directly from the condenser or after expanding in the pressure reducing elements. In the evaporator, the liquid refrigerant evaporates and takes the heat from the environment. The heat received is given to the environment by means of a fan placed behind the evaporator.

Air Conditioner Evaporator

Thermostat
The thermostat is a command and control device that ensures that the evaporator temperature remains between certain values. The thermostat consists of a sensitive tip (called Tail) and a capillary tube. There is R12 gas in the capillary tube. The sensitive end (tail) of the thermostat is connected to the place where the temperature of the cooling circuit will be controlled. It controls the system by opening and closing the electrical circuit according to the set temperature.

Air Conditioner Thermostat

expansion valve
It is the part that drops to the pressurized refrigerant. The expansion valve also measures the flow of refrigerant in the evaporator.

Air Conditioning Expansion Valve

Controlled expansion valves are called thermostatic expansion valves. Thermostatic expansion valves regulate the entry of liquid refrigerant into the evaporator. The spraying process is controlled by the superheating of the refrigerant. The expansion valve tail is placed on the pipe coming out of the evaporator and it is ensured that it is at the same temperature as the evaporator. By adjusting the amount of gas leaving the evaporator, the maximum possible cooling amount is provided. Thermostatic expansion valves regulate the entry of liquid refrigerant into the evaporator. The spraying process is controlled by the superheat of the coolant. For this reason, the valves are much more suitable for spraying liquids especially on dry type evaporators. In this type of evaporators, the superheat at the outlet is proportional to the evaporator load.

Evaporator Fan
The refrigerant, which evaporates and takes the heat in the environment, cools the evaporator pipes and cores through which it passes. Here, it is the part used to allow the cooled air to spread more quickly and easily to the environment. The evaporator fan also sucks the ambient air. In this way, the stagnant air is moved and cleaned. Dirty air is expelled and fresh air is taken from outside.

Air Conditioner Fan

fan motors
The pictures above show the fan motors used in air conditioners. When these engines are operated under the standards given by the manufacturers, their lifespan is quite long, but the operating conditions are non-standard.